Operation Ezra and Nehemiah was also known as Operation Ali Baba, these two airlifts were organized by the Israeli government and brought between 120,000 and 130,000 Iraqi Jews to Israel via Iran and Cyprus between 1950 and 1952. After the mass immigration of Iraqi Jews to Israel, only about 2000 Iraqi Jews remained by 1968. Today there are a handful of elderly Jews living in Iraq. The relative success of these first airlifts paved the way for future airlifts to Israel of other diaspora Jewish communities.
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/ezra.html
